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The FileVault feature allows you to encrypt your Mac’s entire hard disk. When you enable FileVault, your files are stored on your hard drive in an encrypted, seemingly scrambled format. Someone who gains access to your Mac, removes your hard drive, and attempts to view your files won’t be able to see anything without your encryption key. That's why this week we're looking at the five best file encryption tools you can use to encrypt your data locally so only you have the key. Send us an email at [email protected]. Perform a search to see what encryption tools your Linux distribution of choice includes. Apple’s Mac OS X also includes a variety of built-in encryption features. There aren’t different editions of the Mac OS X desktop with different included software, so these encryption tools are available on every Mac.
A reader recently emailed us asking about FileVault, Apple’s encryption scheme on Mac OS X. She wasn’t sure what it did, or if she should enable it on her new MacBook. The feature is by no means new, but the recent release of OS X Mavericks and the ever-increasing number of users new to the Apple platform warranted a fresh look at FileVault. So, exactly what is FileVault?
The Original FileVault
First, it’s important to clarify that the version of FileVault currently in use since OS X Lion is FileVault 2, which represents a significant change from the original FileVault, called “Legacy FileVault” by Apple. But before we explain FileVault 2, let’s talk about its predecessor.
FileVault was first introduced in 2003 as part of Mac OS X 10.3 Panther as an on-the-fly encryption scheme for protecting a user’s data. Once enabled, a user’s data was encrypted by the operating system within a sparse disk image (later operating systems utilized the more efficient sparse bundle disk images). While a user’s account password could unlock the FileVault encryption when logging into the Mac, the user would also need to create a “Master Password” in the event that the user account password was lost. While logged in, Legacy FileVault would decrypt and re-encrypt data as the user needed it, all on demand. While certainly not required, the benefit of FileVault was that user data was protected from unauthorized users or thieves who lacked the necessary password. If your Mac was stolen, for example, FileVault-encrypted data would be very difficult for a thief to access. While less technologically savvy thieves under normal circumstances may be thwarted by a user account password, those with any experience would be easily able to pull the Mac’s hard drive, attach it to a second system, and enjoy unfettered access to the drive’s data. But if the user’s data was encrypted, it would generally be safe from those without the FileVault password. But there were several issues with the Legacy FileVault. First, it only encrypted the user’s home folder. While most users maintain all of their important data inside their home folder, some may have files scattered throughout the Mac’s system drive, inadvertently or not. These files outside the home folder, which also include other user accounts on the Mac that haven’t enabled FileVault, would be totally unprotected in the event of theft or other unauthorized access. There were also problems with the encryption method used by the first implementation of FileVault. The scheme utilized cipher-block chaining, or CBC, modes of encryption which, by the end of the original’s FileVault’s lifespan, could be reliably cracked by experienced hackers. Further, from a more user-centric perspective, the way that FileVault handled encryption of only the user home folder led to issues and annoyances with tasks like file sharing and automatic backups. Make no mistake, Legacy FileVault offered relatively good protection for most users, and was certainly better than nothing when it came to protecting critical data of a personal or business nature. But there was certainly room for improvement and, like it does so often with its consumer products, Apple decided to change things significantly for the next version of FileVault. Continued on page 2.
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You can hide files on any operating system, but hidden files can be accessed by anyone with access to your PC or its storage. Encryption actually protects your files, preventing people from accessing them without your encryption key.
Even if intelligence agencies could bypass this encryption — and we’re pretty sure they can’t — it’s still useful. Encryption can protect sensitive financial, business, and personal data from people with access to your hardware.
Windows
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Windows has built-in BitLocker encryption. BitLocker drive encryptio ncan encrypt your entire Windows system drive or another internal drive. BitLocker To Go can encrypt a USB flash drive or another external media device. BitLocker can also be used with a VHD file, creating an encrypted container file that contains encypted files. BitLockeris only available on Professional, Enterprise, and Ultimate editions of Windows. It’s not available on the standard editions of Windows, like Windows 7 Home or the “core” edition of Windows 8 or 8.1.
New Windows 8.1 computers also offer “device encryption”, but this requires specific hardware and the use of a Microsoft account that backs up your encryption key online. This is a very limited encryption feature, but at least it works on every edition of Windows!
Since you probably can’t use BitLocker, you’ll need a third-party encryption solution on Windows. TrueCrypt was previously the encryption solution nearly everyone recommended. It offers a variety of encryption methods, so you can encrypt your entire system drive, encrypt a removable drive, or just create an encrypted container to encrypt some specific files.
Unfortunately, TrueCrypt’s status is now uncertain. On May 28, 2014, the TrueCrypt project’s website was replaced with a messagesaying TrueCrypt is no longer maintained and is unsafe to use. TrueCrypt’s website recommends you use BitLocker on Windows instead. However, an audit of TrueCrypt’s code has found no serious problems. The Gibson Research Corporation site maintains a page with the final releases of TrueCrypt you can download and use. They argue that it’s safe to use.
Is TrueCrypt really safe to use? Well, we don’t really know — there’s a lot of debate and uncertainty here.
RELATED:How to Password Protect Files and Folders With Encryption
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No other free, open-source encryption tools are as polished on Windows. TrueCrypt was the tool everyone had congregated around. However, you can still use other tools. For example, 7-Zip and other file-archiving tools include built-in encryption. You can use 7-Zip to create an AES-256-encrypted archive file you need a password to open. This solution won’t let you encrypt an entire hard drive, but it will let you encrypt a few files.
Linux
Ubuntu includes built-in support for encryption, and so do many other Linux distributions. Encryption features are available to all Linux users. For example, Ubuntu allows you to encrypt your system while installing it. Ubuntu and other GNOME-based Linux distributions also allow you to easily encrypt removable drives with the Disk Utility application.
Linux offers many other encryption tools. For example, you can also use encfs to encrypt files in any other folder. The graphical Archive Manager tool can easily create encrypted archives. The examples here are all for Ubuntu, but these methods are similar on many different Linux distributions and desktop environments. Perform a search to see what encryption tools your Linux distribution of choice includes.
Mac OS X
Apple’s Mac OS X also includes a variety of built-in encryption features. There aren’t different editions of the Mac OS X desktop with different included software, so these encryption tools are available on every Mac.
FileVault allows you to encrypt an entire system drive. You can also quickly encrypt a removable drive from the Finder — you’ll see an encryption password prompt when you plug it into a Mac in the future. The Disk Utility allows you to create an encrypted disk image file you can lock and unlock on demand. All of these features are built-in and can set up and used with a few clicks.
Encryption is a complex topic. Whatever encryption scheme you choose to use, be sure to set a strong passphrase. Encrypting your files with a weak passphrase will make them easy to decrypt in the future.
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